Table 2 |
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Second Amendment to the 1945 Indonesian Constitution |
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| CHAPTER XA: HUMAN RIGHTS |
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| Article 28A |
Every person shall have the right to live and to defend his/her life and livelihood. |
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| Article 28B |
(1) Every person shall have the right to build a family and to have descendant through
a legal marriage. |
| (2) Every child shall have the right to live, to grow, and to be protected against
violence and discrimination. |
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| Article 28C |
(1) Every person shall have the right to improve himself/herself through fulfilment
of basic needs, and entitled to an education and to obtain benefit from science and
technology, art and culture, in order to enhance his/her quality of life, for the
sake of human welfare. |
| (2) Every person shall have the right to advance himself/herself by defending his/her
rights collectively and develop his/her society, nation, and country. |
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| Article 28D |
(1) Every person shall have the right for recognition, guarantees, protection, and
a just legal certainty as well as equal treatment before the law. |
| (2) Every person shall have the right of employment opportunities and receive a just
and reasonable compensation from the employment relationship. |
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| (3) Every citizen shall have the right to obtain equal opportunities in governance. |
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| (4) Every person shall have the right of citizenship status. |
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| Article 28E |
(1) Every person shall be free to adhere to his/her respective religion and perform
worship according to his/her religion, choose his/her education and learning, choose
his/her work, choose citizenship, choose to reside within the nation's territory and
depart from it, and is entitled to return. |
| (2) Every person shall have the right to have freedom of belief, express his/her thoughts
and attitudes, in accordance with his/her conscience. |
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| (3) Every person shall have the right of freedom to organize, to assemble, and to
express opinions. |
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| Article 28F |
Every person shall have the right to communicate and to obtain information to develop
his/her personality and social environment, as well as the right to seek, to obtain,
to possess, to keep, to process, and to convey information by utilizing all available
kinds of channels. |
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| Article 28G |
(1) Every person shall have the right of self-protection, family, honor, dignity,
and property under his/her authority, as well as entitled to a feeling of safety and
protection from threats of fear to do or not to do anything according to the basic
rights. |
| (2) Every person shall have the right to be free from torture or any derogatory treatment
demeaning human dignity and is entitled to political asylum from another nation. |
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| Article 28H |
(1) Every person shall have the right to live in welfare both physically and spiritually,
have a place to reside, and receive a proper and healthy environment, as well as receive
medical care. |
| (2) Every person shall have the right of facilities and special treatment for equal
opportunities and benefits in order to achieve equality and equity. |
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| (3) Every person shall have the right of social security guarantees that enable him/her
to develop completely as a dignity human being. |
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| (4) Every person shall have the right of personal possessions and those possessions
shall not be confiscated arbitrary by any person whatsoever. |
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| Article 28I |
(1) The right for living, the right for not being tortured, the right for freedom
of thought and conscience, religious rights, the right for not being enslaved, the
right for being recognized as an individual before the law, and the right for not
being prosecuted based on retroactive laws shall be the rights as human that may not
be diminished in any situation whatsoever. |
| (2) Every person shall have the right to be free from discriminatory treatment on
the basis of any pretext and is entitled to receive protection from that discriminatory
treatment. |
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| (3) The cultural identity and traditional society rights shall be respected in line
with age progress and human civilization. |
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| (4) The protection, advancement, upholding, and fulfilment of human rights shall be
the responsibility of the state, especially the government. |
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| (5) To uphold and to protect human rights in accordance with the principles of a legal
democratic nation, the practice of human rights shall be guaranteed, arranged, and
embodied in statutory laws. |
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| Article 28J |
(1) Every person shall have the duty to respect the others' human rights within the
orderly context of living in a community, nation, and state. |
| (2) In carrying out rights and freedoms, every person is required to obey the predetermined
limitations regulated by the law for the sole purpose of guaranteeing recognition
and respect over the rights and freedoms enjoyed by other people and to fulfil the
just demands in accordance with the considerations of morals, security, and public
order within a democratic society. |
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Irmansyah et al. International Journal of Mental Health Systems 2009 3:14 doi:10.1186/1752-4458-3-14 |
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